Why do companies go for an IPO?

To get money.

IPO is a procedure in which a company sells its own shares to investors.

The money can then be used to expand the business operations, spend on R&D, pay back loans, etc.

Once the shares are sold to investors, the company itself does not get any money from the further buying and selling of the shares.

Example. XYZ Company sold 20,000 of its shares in an IPO.

Now, share market investors buy and sell these 20,000 shares among each other.

Congress ki amar jyoti (the heading) Ik jan jaye, dooja aye, phir b jot jale (the bottom)

 

ultan Amir Taimur Sahib-e-Qiran bin Amir Turaghan.

Shabih-e-khas - Sultan Amir Taimur Sahib-e-Qiran bin Amir Turaghan.
Gouache painting by an Indian painter.
Published: [India], [18--?]
Size: image 57.8 x 44.6 cm
Credit: Wellcome Library, London

BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR - THE LAST MUGHAL EMPEROR ~

On November 7th, 1862, the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, passed away in Burma.
King of India Bahadur Shah Zafar lived the life of a destitute during his exile. King was given a two-room modest house in Burma. Poet King, deprived of paper and pen, used a half-burned wooden stick as a pen and a wall as paper to write his poems. He spent almost four years away from his homeland, preparing for a new journey into eternal life.
Bahadur Shah Zafar died on November 7, 1862, at 5 a.m., at the age of 87. News of Zafar’s death reached Delhi a fortnight later, on November 20. Ghalib read the news in the Avadh Akhbar on the same day that it was announced that the Jama Masjid was finally going to be given back to the Muslims of Delhi. Already numbed by the news of so many other deaths and tragedies, Ghalib’s reaction was resigned and muted: ‘On Friday, the 7th November, and the 14th Jamadu ul Awwal, Abu Zafar Siraj ud Din Bahadur Shah was freed from the bonds of the foreigner and the bonds of the flesh. “Verily we are for God, and verily to him we shall return"
The Last Mughal, by William Dalrymple, pp. 475
Below are photographs of the last Mughal taken before his exile to Rangoon. Another engraving of the King in his full Imperial attire.
#thehistorybuff #india #इतिहास #history
 

Born Day of Tippu Sultan Shaheed #TippuSultan #TipuSultanIndiasHero #FatehAli #Mysuru

 

मुग़ल बादशाह ‘औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर’ के हाथों का लिखा हुआ क़ुरान शरीफ तस्वीर में आप सूरह शुआरा पारा न. 19 की आयात (101 से लेकर 175 तक) को देख सकते हैं।

 

सन 1855: कर्नाटक के बनशंकरी में पत्थर के पहियों वाला लकड़ी का रथ #इतिहास #thehistorybuff #history #india

 

The Surrender of Shivaji to the Timurid-Mughal noblemen Mirza Raja Jai Singh I, the Raja of Amber at Purandar. Painted by Mueller.

 

Flora Fountain : once upon a time !!!

 

Taj Mahal

 

Three views of Taj Mahal:

1. Albumen print 1860s

2. Gelatine silver print 1910s

3. Digital print 2010.

We can appreciate how the garden in front of the mausoleum has evolved with time. Tall trees reduced to few small trees and later transformed into Anglo-Mughal style garden.

“How is the capital gains tax is calculated on the shares bought 10 years ago”

A. 10 years ago, there was no long term capital gains tax on shares.

It was introduced in the financial year (FY) 2018-19 — 10% on the gains (profit).

So if you bought a share 10 years ago, there will be no tax calculation till FY 2018-19.

Gains made after 2018-19 will be taxed at 10%.

Do note: shares are only taxed when selling. Simply holding a share does not attract any taxes.

Also, in every financial year, up to Rs 1 lakh gains from equity investment (shares and mutual funds) is tax-free.

Mutual fund performance

When you see a mutual fund’s returns, you are seeing its per annum returns.

So, if a mutual fund’s 3-year returns (3Y) is 12%, it means 12% per annum for 3 years.

In case of mutual funds (especially equity mutual funds), returns can be volatile in the short term.

This is why, usually, 1-year returns change a lot more than 3-year returns (and why 3-year returns change more than 5-year returns).

So when the markets move up, the 1-year returns move up more than the 3-year returns, and so on.

The opposite happens when the markets fall.

This is why investors should focus more on the longer-term returns — not just the last 1-year and 3-year returns.