BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR - THE LAST MUGHAL EMPEROR ~

On November 7th, 1862, the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, passed away in Burma.
King of India Bahadur Shah Zafar lived the life of a destitute during his exile. King was given a two-room modest house in Burma. Poet King, deprived of paper and pen, used a half-burned wooden stick as a pen and a wall as paper to write his poems. He spent almost four years away from his homeland, preparing for a new journey into eternal life.
Bahadur Shah Zafar died on November 7, 1862, at 5 a.m., at the age of 87. News of Zafar’s death reached Delhi a fortnight later, on November 20. Ghalib read the news in the Avadh Akhbar on the same day that it was announced that the Jama Masjid was finally going to be given back to the Muslims of Delhi. Already numbed by the news of so many other deaths and tragedies, Ghalib’s reaction was resigned and muted: ‘On Friday, the 7th November, and the 14th Jamadu ul Awwal, Abu Zafar Siraj ud Din Bahadur Shah was freed from the bonds of the foreigner and the bonds of the flesh. “Verily we are for God, and verily to him we shall return"
The Last Mughal, by William Dalrymple, pp. 475
Below are photographs of the last Mughal taken before his exile to Rangoon. Another engraving of the King in his full Imperial attire.
#thehistorybuff #india #इतिहास #history
 

Born Day of Tippu Sultan Shaheed #TippuSultan #TipuSultanIndiasHero #FatehAli #Mysuru

 

मुग़ल बादशाह ‘औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर’ के हाथों का लिखा हुआ क़ुरान शरीफ तस्वीर में आप सूरह शुआरा पारा न. 19 की आयात (101 से लेकर 175 तक) को देख सकते हैं।

 

सन 1855: कर्नाटक के बनशंकरी में पत्थर के पहियों वाला लकड़ी का रथ #इतिहास #thehistorybuff #history #india

 

The Surrender of Shivaji to the Timurid-Mughal noblemen Mirza Raja Jai Singh I, the Raja of Amber at Purandar. Painted by Mueller.

 

Flora Fountain : once upon a time !!!

 

Taj Mahal

 

Three views of Taj Mahal:

1. Albumen print 1860s

2. Gelatine silver print 1910s

3. Digital print 2010.

We can appreciate how the garden in front of the mausoleum has evolved with time. Tall trees reduced to few small trees and later transformed into Anglo-Mughal style garden.

“How is the capital gains tax is calculated on the shares bought 10 years ago”

A. 10 years ago, there was no long term capital gains tax on shares.

It was introduced in the financial year (FY) 2018-19 — 10% on the gains (profit).

So if you bought a share 10 years ago, there will be no tax calculation till FY 2018-19.

Gains made after 2018-19 will be taxed at 10%.

Do note: shares are only taxed when selling. Simply holding a share does not attract any taxes.

Also, in every financial year, up to Rs 1 lakh gains from equity investment (shares and mutual funds) is tax-free.

Mutual fund performance

When you see a mutual fund’s returns, you are seeing its per annum returns.

So, if a mutual fund’s 3-year returns (3Y) is 12%, it means 12% per annum for 3 years.

In case of mutual funds (especially equity mutual funds), returns can be volatile in the short term.

This is why, usually, 1-year returns change a lot more than 3-year returns (and why 3-year returns change more than 5-year returns).

So when the markets move up, the 1-year returns move up more than the 3-year returns, and so on.

The opposite happens when the markets fall.

This is why investors should focus more on the longer-term returns — not just the last 1-year and 3-year returns.

Silver Yamini Dirham c

Ghaznavid Empire: Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi (سلطان محمود غزنوی), 3.27 grams, 20 mm, Silver Yamini Dirham citing Abbasid caliph al-Qadir (القادر باللہ).
Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, was one of the most prominent ruler during the medieval Islamic period. He reigned from 997 to 1030 CE and is best known for his military conquests and the establishment of the Ghaznavid Empire, centered in what is now Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan.
Born in 971 CE in Ghazni, Mahmud was the son of Subuktigin, the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty. His reign was characterized by a series of military campaigns, primarily directed towards India. Mahmud's expeditions into India aimed to acquire wealth and expand Islamic influence. His most famous campaign was the conquest of the Somnath Temple in Gujarat in 1026 CE, which was renowned for its immense wealth.
Despite his military pursuits, Mahmud also played a role in promoting scholarship and culture. His court was a hub of intellectual activity, where poets, scholars, and historians thrived under his patronage.
After his death in 1030, the Ghaznavid Empire began to decline, facing internal and external challenges that eventually led to its disintegration. Mahmud of Ghazni remains a significant figure in medieval Islamic history, leaving a lasting impact on the history and culture of the Indian subcontinent.

The discovery of the ancient Statue of Antinous found in Delphi, Greece during an excavation in 1894. (Colorized)

 

Q. “The return received in mutual fund is rightly called interest. If true, how true.”

Mutual fund returns are not called ‘interest’.

The word ‘interest’ is used only when money is being lent/borrowed.

Example: you borrow Rs 1 lakh from the bank at 10% interest, for 1 year.

So you have to pay back a sum of Rs 1 lakh + 10% interest after 1 year.

Similarly, when you invest money in an FD, you are actually giving a loan to the bank. This is why the bank pays you an interest.

In mutual funds, you are giving your money to a group of experts (fund manager + team) to invest on your behalf.

You are buying an asset, not lending your money.

Similar to buying a house—investing in it gives you returns but not interest.

PE ratio

PE ratio—also known as P/E ratio, P to E ratio, or simply PE.

PE ratio has become one of the most talked about measures of valuation—if a stock is fairly valued, undervalued, or overvalued.

This week, we will learn more about this ratio, what it tells us, and what it cannot tell us.

First, how is it calculated?

Price of one stock divided by the earnings-per-share of that company.

PE ratio = Current share price / earnings-per-share.

Earnings-per-share = net profit of a company / total shares.